This NASA site provides a guide to color design for information visualization. It includes:

• a step by step process for designing color usage in complicated interface graphics
• two detailed examples of design of aerospace displays
• a new color selection tool to support the recommended design process
• information about color usage standards and guidelines
• information about applied color science, and reference resources

Aerospace graphics get special attention, but much of the information should be useful for other color graphics as well.

Using Color in Information Display Graphics